Improvement in plows



W. HINDS.

Plow.

No. 41,997. Patented Mar. 22, 1864.

y Witnesses:

@Www

Inventor: y 2677K@ A 'UNITEDl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

W. HINDS, OF LITTLE` FALLS, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN PLOWS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 41,997, dated March 22, 1864.

To all 'whom t may concern Be it known that I, WM. HINDS, of Little Falls, county of Herkimer, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Plows; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe construction and operation ot' the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

A plow that shall do good work, be of easy draft to the team, and easy for the plowman to manage must be constructed in a shape and form peculiarly adapted for the purpose. A

plow that shall be substantial and durable must be determined from the materials used in its construction, from the proportion ot' its parts, and from the method ot putting together and connecting those parts.

My invention relates almost wholly to the form of the mold-board and standard and to the method of connecting or securing` the landside to the mold-board. In supplying and lling out the parts of the plow not invented by me I have used of the numerous devices invented by others such as my experience as a plowmaker and farmer during alife-time of almost seventy years has determined to ine to be the best.

To enable others to make and use my invention, I will now describe its construction and operation.

Figurelof the drawingsis a perspective view ofthe plow entire. Fig. 2 is the landside detached. Fig. 3 is the mold-board and standard combined. Fig. 4 is the share and swardcutter combined. Fig. 5 is the bottom crossbar. Fig. o' is the middle cross-bar. Fig. 7 is a section ofthe mold-board. Fig. 8 is a diagram of the bottom ofthe plow, and Fig. 9 is a diagram ofthe land-side elevation ofthe iron part ofthe plow. v

The same kind of letters indicate the same parts throughout.

There 'is nothing new in the wood-work.

At B B, Fig. 3, the arm goes oft' to which the landsidc, Fig. 2, is attached. It is constructed in a semi-tubular or trough-like form, making it much stronger than if it were in al iat plate. It is longer on the outside, making a better and more permanent support for the the landside, Fig. 2, are pins, that serve in the I holes-B B on the mold-board, Fig. 3, and prevent all lateral motion, the working and wearing of thejoints, and save the cost and wear of bolts usually used in those places.

At D, Fig. 2, and G, Fig. 3, are recesses or dovetail mortises, in which the dovetail tenons a a on the ends ot the bottom cross-bar, Fig. 5, serve. Immediately under and against the ends of this cross-bar, Fig. v5, the plow-handles are bolted on, which will always keep said crosshar firmly in place. The importance ot' this kind of cross-bar is that it will keep'the landside and mold-board from spreading apart, and is not liable to lose out.

At E on the mold-board, Fig. 3, is akind of seat or rest, to which the handle is bolted. It has angeson the sides to project by the corners ofthe handle to hold it more rmly, and it extends far enough from the mold-board to permit the use of a straight handle, which is cheaper and much stronger than it' bent to iit the convexity of the mold-board. Fig. 6 is the middle cross-bar, and t t show the form of the turns or feet at the end thereof. The bolts go through these turns, and have square and wedging heads, that lodge with them, that can always bekept tight by turning the screws. They end ot' the cross-bar, having two bolts in it, goes to the handle that connects with the beam of the plow, and the bolts go through both handle and beam, and aord a great support to the joint at that point.

The share, Fig. et, has a rib upon it'at F, of a kind of miter or wedging form, that matches into a groove of correspondingform at U, Fig. 7,

to assist the bolt in holding the share snugly in place, whereas without it shares would often get loose by the wear of the bolt, and' con-v sequently break. The sward-cutter V, Fig. at,`

combined with the share, is a piece ot' steel, sharp in front and curved edgewise, to make it fit to the front edge ot' the standard andv share, to thelatter of which it is riveted, and

at the top end it isbolted to the standard at X, Fig. 3, making a very strong. connection and support to the share and standard both.

The front part of the standard T, Fig. 3, forms a segment of a circle whose radius is jive inches, with which the front edge of the share is so arranged and graduated that sods or whatever is in a mass or body to clog the plow will be carried over under the curve of the standard and be discharged by the velocity and force ot' the plow. Constructing the standard in this form carries the top of it much farther forward than that of most plows, making the extreme forward point project five inches forward of the front edge of the standard, immediately over the top elevation ofthe share, as shown on diagram, Fig. 9, where a circle drawn round the point Pzon line Z2 from a radius ot' live inches will exactly correspond with the front edge ot' the standard.

There are several advantages that ensue from constructing the standard in this manner. One is that it carries the bolt that secures or fastens the beam to the standard more toward the center of said beam, thereby shortening.,r the leverage power of the beam for breaking it and breakingthestandard. Projectingthestandard forward also carries the top edge of the moldhoard forward with it, which puts the plow in athinner wedge sha-pe and makes itto be drawn through the earth much easier. Again, carry ing the top edge of the mold-board forward with the curve ot' the standard carries it also toward the furrow side of the plow, making it to overhang a portion of the wearing-surface ot' the mold-board throughout its en tire length, by which the furrow-slice is quicker and more gradually raised to an edgewise posit-ion, from which it falls over from gravitation. And, again, the quicker the furrow-slice is raised to an edgewise position the less it will load and ride the plow and the easier the plow will run.

For the express purpose of describing the form of the mold-board of my plow on the wearing side, which is a matter ot' some little diiculty,1 have presented two diagram views, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

Fig. shows the outlines of the bottom of the plow resting upon a level platform, with the land-side edge resting on theline b b. Against the platform on said line b b, (diagram Fig. 8,) and parallel therewith, I imagine a partition or wall to stand on line d djust fifteen inches high, to correspond exactly with the standard ot' the plow. The partition is not to be considered as standing exactly perpendicular, but to fall back just half an inch in its height from a perpendicular line, in order to correspond with the standard on theland-side side of the plow, which is so made that the plow shall cut over on the land side to preventit from binding in the earth.

On the partition, and to correspond exactly with diagram Fig. 8, diagram Fig. 9 is-Inade, which shows the outlines of the landside face ofthe plow. Thirteen and a halt' inches back from the point of the share the cross-line l is made exactly at right angle to line b b. At the heel en d of the mold-board, and eleven and a half inches back from line l, theline l is made also at right angle to line b b. Against these lines, and to correspond therewith, the perpendicular lines Z3 and l* are made upon the partition or diagram Fig.9. The line Z3 is made immediately behind the top elevation of the share, and corresponds exactly with the line ff shown on Fig. l. The line l4 corresponds with the line g g Fig. l. The measured distance from line b b to pointP is nine and threefourths inches. From the line b b to point P is nine and one-halt` inches, and from thence to the outside cornerot' the bottom of th at moldboard it is halfan inch more, makingthe whole measurementandwidthoftheplowatthat point ten inches. The point P2 on line l2 is nine and a halt' inches above the platform or diagram Fig. 8. From this point the curve of the standard is formed from a radius oftive inches. The point P3 on line Z3 is eight and a half. inches above the platform, Fig. 8, and three-fourths of an inch from the partition or land-side face of the standard. The point P4 on line Z4 is twelve and one-fourth inches above the platform, and from said point P4 to the top edge ofthe mold-board immediately over the line Z', and where it is intersected by the line g g, and corresponding in height with the said point P4, it is nine and a half inches. Therefore the curved form of my mold-board under the line g g, Fig. l, corresponding with the lines Z and Z4, Figs. 8 and 9, is such that it will tit to a convexed arc formed from aradius of twenty-four inches when said arc shall be placed in contact with the point P' and the top edge of the moldboard under the line g g.

Under the line ff, corresponding with the line l and 3, the mold-board will tit to a convexed arc whose radius is twelve inches when said arc shall be placed in contact with the point P and a point exactly opposite to and within three-fourths of an inch of point P3. Longitudinally the mold-board is straight on any line or lines that may be drawn lengthwise across its working or wearing side that` shall he horizontal to the bottom of the plow, excepting the point of the share, which is pitched down to give it a draft into the ground.

At the hind part of the mold-board, on line m m, Fig. l, a strip or portion is bent or set back so as to bring it nearly or quite into line, or parallel with the line of draft or landside of the plow In this position the strip bent back comes to Very little if any wear, and it serves to strengthen and protect that end of the mold-board until it is nearly or quite worn out. Under the line h, Fig. l, at the extreme hind end of the moldboard, it is straight, or as near so as it can conveniently be determined. To construct larger or smaller plows on this principle requires only that the hind end of the landside and mold board shall be made longer or shorter; or it may be done by setting the arm to which the landside is attached in or out.

lSeparately considered, or compared in sectional parts with other inventions, there may not be very much that can be considered strictly or distinctly new in the form of my moldboard or standard, but in their general form I claim that they are widely different from all other plows. Therefore What I claim as my invention, and wish to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s

1. A plow mold-board, when constructed in accordance with thefollowing conditions-Viz., all lines on the face of the mold-board which are parallel to a surface upon which the plow rests when in its proper position for operation to be straight, all said lines to intersect two that arc which is nearest the front end of the mold-board, the distance between the vertical transverse planes upon which said arcs are described to be about equal to the radius of the i,

smaller arc.

2. In combination with a plow mold-board constructed as described in the precedingconstructed as claimed above, a sward-cutter,

V, attached to the plowshare, and secured to the standard by a removable bolt.

4. In combination with a plow mold-board, a cross-bar constructed with feet, as shown at Fig. 6, for the purpose of more rigidly attaching the rear end ofthe beam to tbe rear end of the mold-board.

5. In combination with a plow mold-board, a landside-arm, N, constructed in a troughlike form and fitted to the landside with a dovetailed joint, for the purpose of attaining greater securityand facility of attachment.

WM. HINDS.

Witnesses:

JOHN S. HOLLINGSHEAD, JN0. H. IGLEHART. 

